How to write a debate

A debate, more than any other kind of writing, has two clearly defined sides. In a formal debate, the issue is stated as a resolution. Resolved: The world should ship all its garbage to Mars. Sides then argue affirmatively or negatively. Arguments follow a very rigid structure. Each side is given an opportunity to present its points and refute its opponents. Each segment is timed

Writing a debate paper is somewhat less formal. You will still need to conform to the basic principles that shape debate. Follow the suggestions below and you’ll learn how to write a debate. Use these as a guideline. Be sure to follow the requirements set up in your assignment.

Define your terms

The first rule of debate is to define your terms. It is impossible to logically consider alternative solutions unless both sides are talking about the same thing.

State your position

A debate is more straightforward than most kinds of writing. In place of flowery, attention-getting introductions, you will get right to the point. Give enough background on the issue to demonstrate that you understand the big picture. This will also help your reader if he or she is not familiar with your topic.

Show that you strongly believe in your side of the issue. Make firm statements that make your stand clear. Add your own insights to the understanding of the issue. Do not just provide a recital of what others have said about it.

In a paper, you will probably not attempt to cover all the sub arguments. Focus on two or three and cover them thoroughly. You may even decide to pick only one main argument and go into more depth.

Refute

Another thing that is unique about debate is that you must respond to your opponent’s points. This is called a rebuttal speech. Judges in a debate consider the effectiveness of this step when choosing a winner. In a paper, your opponent is not physically presenting his or her points. But your reader is very much aware of any holes that might exist in your argument. You must anticipate all those “Yes, buts” as you develop your paper.

It is important to choose the most compelling argument or arguments from the other side. If you can convincingly respond to the flaws in the opposition’s strongest points, your own paper will be strengthened. If you concede a few points to the other side, you will gain the trust of your reader. You will represent yourself as a fair and impartial commentator on the issue.

Be objective—most of the time

In argument, issues must be addressed in an objective way. However, the appeal to emotions can be effective if used with care. Touching on emotional issues can help convince your audience. Make it a logical outgrowth of the argument, not a contrivance devised to manipulate your readers.

Be kind

Refrain from attacks on people. This tactic is known as an ad hominem device and will diminish your credibility. Name calling has the same effect. Avoid using words with negative connotations to make your points. Use a reasoned approach instead.

Provide support

“They say . . .” just won’t work for an effective argument. In a formal debate, each debater has a well-organized set of quotes and statistics from relevant sources. At one time these were written on cards and kept handy during the debate. Points in your written version of a debate must also be backed up with expert opinion and quotations. Be as specific as possible. If you have prepared for a live debate, use the “cards” you have prepared as sources for this evidence.

Be sure to choose support that is relevant. You may have a dramatic illustration or narrative, but don’t use it unless it drives your argument forward. Stay on topic throughout the paper.

Summarize

Once you have presented your points and successfully addressed your opponent’s arguments, it is time to wrap it all up. End with a strong recap of the points you have proven. Don’t expect your reader to sort it all out. It is your responsibility to leave a clear picture of what you have covered and where it logically leads. Your reader should reach the conclusion you have proposed.

And the winner is . . .

You won’t have a judge to decide whether you presented your case effectively. Your reader makes the decision. If you have logically and systematically presented your case, you may have won your reader over to your side.

In order to sway your reader, you must follow the rules of debate. Take some time to learn how to write a debate and you can convince your reader that your plan makes sense.